Art of casting.



M MCFJJI:

Patented J an. 3, 1911.

2x i v UNITED STATESJPATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES T. WESTLAKE, OF ST. LOUTS, MISSOURI.

ART OF CASTINGF Be it known thatl, CHARLES T. \Vns'r- LAKE, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in. the rt oi Casting. of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which, the figure is a conventional illustration of a piece of cast iron made in accordance with my improvement.

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in the art of casting, being designed particularly as an improvement in the art of casting iron, steel, brass, etc.

Inserts have been arranged in the matrices of molds around which the molten metal has been poured, the object of these inserts being to strengthen. the casting on to provide a metal having ditl'erent physical properties from the metal which is cast around the insert. illustrations in the first class may be found in the inserts which are arranged in car wheels to strengthen them, and inthe latter class in brake shoes where steel and cast iron are combined-to olt'er wearing faces having different physical properties. In allot these instances, so far as I am aware, the metal composing the insert is affected by the molten metal poured around it. This is particularly true of car wheels where the molten metal will heat the inserts-and then when the wheel is put in the soaking pit whereit remains, say 120 hours, the gradual reduction of temperature anneals the wheel and the insert, drawing; the temper of the insert. The same action is true, but to a smaller degree, in the manufacture of brake shoes where the insert is a metal having a. ditl'eront physical property from the moltenmetal poured around itto form the casting. In all these instances, however, the hot molten metal comin in contact with the insert. changes some oi the plrvsical properties of the insert and this change is some imes detrimental to .the object in. view. For instance, where a metal possessing a certain physical property is selected for an insert, it is desirable that.

' that. physical property be retained in the in-' sert up to its full value.

l have discovered a metal \\'lllt"ll can be used for inserts in castings and whose Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented an. 3, 1911.

Application filed January 7, 1910. Serial No. 536,844.

To all whmn it may concern:

physical properties will not be changed such use. v V

My invention, therefore, broadlx stated,]

is an improvement in the .a'rt of casting which consists in arranging an-.. "wert in the casting, the physical properties oi which insert will not "be changed from contactwith the molten metal.

In the 'drawmgs, 1 indicates the insert,

which isan alloy of iron having a. manganese content of such percenta .n is desirable or necessary togive itt e leqfiispte physical properties of tensile strength, ar d-- ncss, ductility, etc. I have found that; 19 alloy when subjected to the high'tempera'-' ture incident to contact with the molten metal which surrounds it, will not-have its physical properties chan ed, but on the contrary, the same physical sile strength, hardness, ductihty, flexibility, elasticity, etc., whichjit possessed and because of which attributes rendersit desirable for use as aninsert, will 'iremain'un changed and .all of suchphysical properties will he possessed by the msert,=to their full value, when the metal composing the casting cools to normal temperature. The fi xed properties in this insert thus enable the metal composing the casting 2 to be treated '85 inany of the well known ways, as, tor stance, chillingthe face 3 of said casting,

in which event the insert 1 acts to deepen.

the chilling as indicated by the heavier a section lines.

1, if used as a reinforcing or stren'gtheni ngmedium, or for any other purpose on nccount of its physical properties, responds fully at all times to the -.requirements exacted of it.

I find that the best proportion of iron and manganese for-this purpose range from. about 85% 'to 96% iron-and from about 13% to 3%.manganese, but I do not confine myself to any particular percentage ofeither element, except that the iron should be the preponderating element, for the reason that if more than 1 7'0 of manganese vlsused the tensile strength of the alloy is affected 7 and brittleness results.

The quantity of manganese used must be .110

sufficientto render the insert inrmutablelto varying temperatures. By burying the inproperties of ten- 75 sert beneath the surface, it is possible for the surface of the casting to be continuous a toy of which the insert is made can be r0 led or treated 1n an desiredmanner to give it the requisitephysical properties before it is placed 111 the mold cavity. In us ng the expression iron it is, of course,

understood that cast iron, if it possesses,

the requisite physical properties, can he used, or wrought iron may be employed or iron mixed with various ingredients, and treated as in the manufacture of rolled products, providing, of course, that such other ingredients do not detract from the desired qualities of the alloy.

I claim:

A casting having an insert buried beneath the surface thereof and containing a suflicient quantity of manganeseto render it imn'iutable to varying temperatures.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses, this 5th day of January, 1910.

CHARLES '.l. WESTLAKE.

\Yitnesses:

M. P. Snrrn, L. Conuao. 

